Impact of vrikshayurveda-based liquid organic manures on soybean yield, economics and soil health under organic and natural farming practices

KALMESH B. PUJARI; C. P. CHANDRASHEKHAR; R. B. NEGALUR; G. R. RAJAKUMAR

doi:10.61475/JFS.2025.v38i3.09

KALMESH B. PUJARI Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, India
C. P. CHANDRASHEKHAR Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, India
R. B. NEGALUR Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, India
G. R. RAJAKUMAR Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Dharwad - 580 005, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61475/JFS.2025.v38i3.09

Keywords: Integrated natural farming, Kunapajala, Natural farming, Organic farming, Vrikshayurveda

Abstract

A permanent plot experiment was carried out to study the influence of different farming practices on productivity, soilhealth and economics of soybean during 2024-25 at MARS, UAS, Dharwad. The experiment was laid out in strip plot designwith three farming practices in strip-I [M1: Natural Farming (NF), M2: Integrated Natural Farming (INF), M3: Organic Farming(OF)] and five liquid organic manures (LOM’s) in strip-II [S1: Fish amino acid @ 5%, S2: Fish Kunapajala @ 5%, S3: Cowwomb Kunapajala @ 5%, S4: Herbal Kunapajala @ 5% and S5: Panchagavya (3%) + Cow urine (10%)] at vegetative, flowering,Pod formation, and Pod filling stages with two uneven controls Recommended Package of Practices (RPP) and Chemical Farming(CF)]. The results shows that, the OF recorded higher soybean seed yield, haulm yield (3202, 4504 kg ha-1), gross returns(`2,11,085 ha-1 and `1,77,781 ha-1 with and without premium price, respectively) and SOC (5.71 g kg-1 of soil) over NF. However, Harvest index, net returns, B:C ratio in both with and without premium price and SOC of NF were higher than OF. Foliar and soil application of panchagavya @ 3% + cow urine @ 10% recorded higher seed yield, haulm yield, gross returns, netreturns and B:C ratio in both with and without premium price than all other liquid organic manures. Similarly, the strip-I and strip II interaction shows that M3S5 produced higher seed yield, haulm yield and gross returns than other treatments. Whereas, the netreturns, B:C ratio (with and without premium price) and harvest index were higher in M1S5 than other treatment combinations. The SOC was higher in OF with all LOM’s and INF with S1 and S5. RPP recorded higher seed yield and haulm yield, gross andnet returns as well as B:C ratio. However, the net returns and B:C ratio of NF and INF with S5 were higher than RPP. However,higher net returns were obtained in natural farming in both with and without premium price (`99,325 ha-1 and `70,695 ha-1,respectively) due to lower cost of cultivation. But, the net returns of M1S5 were lesser by 23.22% without premium price. However, it was higher by 3.45% with premium price as compared to RPP. Similarly, the net return of M1S5 was lesser by20.95% without premium price, but, it was 6.6% higher with premium price as compared to CF.