Multi-Season field evaluation: Identification of potential genetic stocks for salinity tolerance in wheat

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a vital cereal crop worldwide. Salinity remains a major abiotic stress restricting wheatproductivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Based on previous screening during rabi 2020–21, three genotypes UAS BW-13892, GPM DIC 101 and GPM DIC 107 were identified as promising for salinity tolerance using stress indices(SSI and STI), screening for seedling traits under hydroponic, growth and yield performance under natural saline conditions. These genotypes were subsequently evaluated in detail across three consecutive rabi seasons (2021-22, 2022-23 and2023-24) at Ugar Khurd, Karnataka, under both saline and non-saline (control) environments to assess their performance. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Soil electrical conductivity(ECe) in saline plots was maintained above 4 dS/m, while control plots remained below 2 dS/m. Pooled ANOVA wasperformed across years, genotypes and conditions. Significant (P 0.01) variation was observed among genotypes andenvironments for all traits. The genotype × condition interaction was significant for most parameters, indicating differentialresponses to salinity. UAS BW-13892 exhibited early maturity, high biomass (106-121 q/ha) and stable thousand-grainweight (41-42 g) under salinity. GPM DIC 101 showed superior tillering ability (163-169 tillers/m) and shorter stature,while GPM DIC 107 maintained high chlorophyll content and biomass under non-stress conditions. The results indicatestable performance and adaptability across saline environments. Their tolerance mechanisms early maturity, efficientbiomass production, high tillering ability and maintenance of grain weight highlight their potential as valuable geneticresources for wheat improvement under salt-affected soils.